Fundamental of Computer

1. Introduction to Computers

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that processes data, performs calculations, and executes instructions to perform various tasks. It takes input, processes it according to a set of instructions (a program), and produces output. Computers are versatile machines used in countless applications, from simple calculations to complex simulations and data processing.

Key Components of a Computer

1. Hardware: The physical components of a computer that you can see and touch.

• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer that performs calculations and executes instructions.

• ·  Memory (RAM): Temporary storage that the CPU uses to store data that is actively being worked on.
• Storage (Hard Drive/SSD): Where data and programs are stored for long-term use.
• Input Devices: Devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners that allow users to input data into the computer.
• Output Devices: Devices like monitors, printers, and speakers that output information from the computer.

2.Software: The programs and operating systems that run on the computer.

• Operating System (OS): The software that manages computer hardware and software resources (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
• Applications: Programs designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.